6 in the Global Power City Index, but falls somewhere between No. Paris and Tokyo come in next, but face competition from Hong Kong and Singapore in rankings that focus on business and finance. In all rankings, London and New York sit at No. Finally, Richard Florida, who is best known for his theories on the benefits of the “creative class,” developed a composite ranking of cities in 2012 that placed New York, London, Tokyo and Paris at the top. The Institute for Urban Strategies at The Mori Memorial Foundation in Tokyo has developed the Global Power City Index, which had London, New York, Paris and Tokyo in the top positions in 2013. The American journal Foreign Policy developed the Global Cities Index, with New York, London, Paris and Tokyo ranking at the top in 2014. Based at Loughborough University in the U.K., the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranking of economic networks in 2012 lists London and New York as Alpha++ cities and Paris and Tokyo as two of the eight Alpha+ cities. This leads to some interesting questions: What is it about the Big Four that makes their dominance so durable? What is the outlook for the future? What can Seoul learn from these cities?Ī closer look at the rankings reveals the extent of the Big Four’s dominance. A similar ranking of cities 50 or 100 years ago would have revealed similar results. They are global centers of business and finance, art and design, media and publishing, fashion and trends. In almost every ranking of important cities in the world, London, Paris, New York and Tokyo almost always appear in the top five, and always in the top 10.
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